Snakes of Arkansas: Salamander

Family: Ambystomatidae (Mole Salamanders) Genus: Ambystoma (Mole Salamanders)
	Ringed Salamander Ambystoma annulatum	Rare. Relatively large. Color a midnight blue with bold, narrow, yellowish "rings" (that do not extend onto the belly). Belly grayish to yellowish.
	Spotted Salamander Ambystoma maculatum	Relatively large. Color a midnight blue with two rows of large, yellow spots on body and orangish spots on head. Belly gray.
	Marbled Salamander Ambystoma opacum	Relatively large. Color a midnight blue with bold, broad, silvery-white crossbands (often forming the appearance of inverse circles). Belly black.
	Mole Salamander Ambystoma talpoideum	Rare. Relatively large. Color a wash of brown or gray with lichen-like or flecked patterning. Belly bluish-gray (often with a dark stripe running lengthwise). Head noticably large.
	Smallmouth Salamander Ambystoma texanum	Relatively large. Color a wash of brown or gray with lichen-like patterning. Belly black. Head and mouth noticably small.
	Eastern Tiger Salamander Ambystoma tigrinum	Relatively large. Color a midnight blue to light brown with yellow blotches that form no definite pattern. Belly gray or black with yellow mottling.

Family: Amphiumidae (Amphiumas) Genus: Amphiuma (Amphiumas)
	Three-toed Amphiuma Amphiuma tridactylum	Aquatic. Large and eel-like. 4 diminutive limbs with 3 or fewer toes each. External gills absent.

Family: Cryptobranchidae (Hellbenders) Genus: Cryptobranchus (Hellbenders)
	Ozark Hellbender Cryptobranchus alleganiensis bishopi	Rare. Very large. Color grayish with dark blotches. Skin highly wrinkled, especially on sides. 4 limbs with 5 toes on each hind foot. External gills absent.

Family: Plethodontidae (Lungless Salamanders) Genera: Desmognathus (Dusky Salamanders), Eurycea (Brook Salamanders), Hemidactylium (Four-toed Salamander), and Plethodon (Woodland Salamanders)
	Ouachita Dusky Salamander Desmognathus brimleyorum	Color brownish to grayish with little patterning. Tail fin-like.
	Dark-sided Salamander Eurycea longicauda melanopleura	Often found at mouths of caves (or in similar cool, moist habitats). Color yellowish with dark spots. Sides darker and more gray. Sides of tail dark or with somewhat regular, dark, vertical bars.
	Cave Salamander Eurycea lucifuga	Often found at mouths of caves (or in similar cool, moist habitats). Color bright orange with irregular dark spots. Sides of tail same as body.
	Many-ribbed Salamander Eurycea multiplicata	Small. Slender. Color variable, but generally grayish or yellowish. Belly light gray or yellow. Found south of the Arkansas River.
	Dwarf Salamander Eurycea quadridigitata	Small. Long and slender. Color bronze. Sides flecked with gray and black. All feet with 4 toes.
	Grotto Salamander Eurycea spelaea	Cave-dweller. Color a ghostly white. Eyes small, beady, and underneath fused eyelids.
	Oklahoma Salamander Eurycea tynerensis	Small. Slender. Color variable, but generally grayish or yellowish. Belly light gray or yellow. Found north of the Arkansas River.
	Four-toed Salamander Hemidactylium scutatum	Rare. Color reddish-brown. Belly pure white with bold, black flecks. Tail thick and round with contriction at base. All feet with 4 toes.
	Western Slimy Salamander Plethodon albagula	Most common and widely distributed "slimy" in AR. Color black with star-like flecks of white. Chin and belly dark gray. Secretes glue-like slim as defense.
	Ozark Zigzag Salamander Plethodon angusticlavius	Middorsal stripe reddish (sometimes yellowish-green) and zigzagged with irregular margins.
	Caddo Mountain Salamander Plethodon caddoensis	Rare and endemic to AR (known only from Caddo Mountain and surrounding areas in Howard, Montgomery, Pike, and Polk counties). Smallish. Color black with numerous star-like brassy flecks. Chin pale. Chest pale and speckled. Belly dark.
	Fourche Mountain Salamander Plethodon fourchensis	Rare and endemic to AR (known only from Fourche and Irons Fork mountains in Polk and Scott counties). Larger, stockier build than similiar-looking mountain and slimy salamanders. Color black with 2 rows of large, lichen-like blotches and scattered smaller specks. Chin pale. Belly dark with a few white specks.
	Kiamichi Slimy Salamander Plethodon kiamichi	Rare "slimy" (known in AR only from Kiamichi and Round mountains in Polk County). Color black with star-like flecks of white. Chin and belly gray. Secretes glue-like slim as defense.
	Louisiana Slimy Salamander Plethodon kisatchie	Rare "slimy" in AR. Color black with large, star-like, brassy flecks. Chin and belly gray. Secretes glue-like slim as defense.
	Rich Mountain Salamander Plethodon ouachitae	Rare (known in AR only from Rich Mountain and surrounding ridges in Polk County). Color black with lichen-like flecks and a wash of maroon. Chin pale. Chest dark.
	Sequoyah Slimy Salamander Plethodon sequoyah	Rare "slimy" (known in AR only from a single specimen from Sevier County). Color black with star-like flecks of white. Chin and belly black or slate. Secretes glue-like slim as defense.
	Southern Redback Salamander Plethodon serratus	Rare. Middorsal stripe reddish-orange with regular margins (each serration matching with a costal groove). Occasional "leadback" individuals without middorsal stripe.

Family: Proteidae (Waterdogs and Mudpuppies) Genus: Necturus (Waterdogs and Mudpuppies)
	Red River Mudpuppy Necturus louisianensis	Aquatic. Large. Color gray to reddish with dark blotches. Dark stripe through eye. 4 limbs with 4 toes each. External gills large and reddish.

Family: Salamandridae (Newts) Genus: Notophthalmus (Eastern Newts)
	Central Newt Notophthalmus viridescens louisianensis	Aquatic (except for terrestrial eft stage). Color olive and yellowish with many black specks and very few red specks. Dark stripe through eye. Skin rough. External gills absent.

Family: Sirenidae (Sirens) Genus: Siren (Sirens)
	Western Lesser Siren Siren intermedia nettingi	Aquatic. Large and somewhat eel-like. Only front limbs present with 4-5 toes each. External gills present.

~ Hypothetical Occurrence ~
	Spotted Dusky Salamander Desmognathus conanti	Rare and potentially extirpated from AR. Color brownish to grayish, usually with 6-8 irregular golden dorsal blotches. Tail not fin-like.
	Southern Two-lined Salamander Eurycea cirrigera	Rare with no vouchered specimen for AR. Color yellowish with small black specks and two dark lines that run from the eyes the length of the body, breaking up toward the tail.

~ Introduced Exotics ~
	Seal Salamander Desmognathus monticola	Rare and known in AR only from the Spavinaw Creek drainage in Benton County.

Snakes of Arkansas

Salamander

Family: Ambystomatidae (Mole Salamanders)

Family: Amphiumidae (Amphiumas)

Family: Cryptobranchidae (Hellbenders)

Family: Plethodontidae (Lungless Salamanders)

Family: Proteidae (Waterdogs and Mudpuppies)

Family: Salamandridae (Newts)

Family: Sirenidae (Sirens)

~ Hypothetical Occurrence ~

~ Introduced Exotics ~